Air conditioning systems are used in industries and residential environments with the aim of improving environmental conditions and creating a comfortable temperature for users. Considering the production of sound and vibration in most of its components, the lack of control of the production sound level always exposes the users to unwanted sound, which in addition to hearing complications, also causes fatigue and dissatisfaction with the environmental conditions. . Compressors are one of the most important sources of sound production in Air conditioning systems, and screw compressors are one of the most widely used in Air conditioning industries. Therefore, the compressor shell should be designed to minimize the transmission of sound from inside to outside. Since the maximum working temperature of compressors is up to 80 degrees Celsius, therefore, in this research, an acoustic test was performed on a sample of a screw compressor shell in two modes of ambient temperature and maximum working temperature inside the acoustic room, and the effect of temperature increase on the sound pressure level. transferred from the shell to the external environment is discussed. Finally, based on the frequency analysis performed in two conditions of ambient temperature and maximum working temperature and comparing the amount of sound transmitted to the environment at different frequencies, practical solutions to reduce the amount of transmitted sound pressure have been presented.

Soil temperature is one of the main physical parameters of soil. Plant growth and soil generation processes are subject to temperature changes. The study of soil temperature in different depth is of utmost importance in meteorology specially, in micro scale, in climatology, agriculture and industry. Soil temperature change is subject to weather temperature of earth surface. Relationship of soil and weather temperature is one of the most important relationships which can be applied in forecasting cold weather and estimation of damages incurred on agricultural products. Boroujen area is one of agricultural areas of chaharmahal province. This study has been in this area for decreasing the frost bite damages incurred on farmer's products of that area and proper information providing for them. In this study, the minimum weather temperature, minimum earth surface temperature and the temperature of different depths of earth (5-10-20-30-50 and 100 cm of earth) have been analyzed in definite standard hours, 6: 30 in the morning, 12: 30 of noon, and 6: 30 in the afternoon after collecting the data and doing different tests (data qualification and homogeneity). Observations show that the temperature changes range in 24 hours is decreased as the earth depth is increased and that a time delay is occurred in lower depths before the temperature reaches its maximum point. The annual temperature cycle shows a time delay and a temperature changes range decrease by depth increase. The annual average temperature of earth is more than the annual average temperature of Air because the energy absorbed in earth is more then the energy absorbed in Air and a part of heating energy absorbed in earth is transferred to lower depths. The depth of a frost bitten layer of earth has been determined in different seasons especially in the spring and fall and finally the predication of earth minimum temperature has been offered for the prognosis of the occurrence of these phenomena. The study shows that the reason of sudden temperature decrease in the spring has mainly been radiation temperature decrease. The temperature change of earth in 50 cm. depth has been slow in such a way that the total temperature changes have been about 19.3oC. The most temperature changes range in this area has been in 5 cm.depth and about 29.1oC. This study has shown that the correlation of the minimum weather temperature and minimum earth temperature in all months is linear. The most correlation has been 0.98 in June and the least correlation has been 0.52 in May. The change of earth temperature has been wavy and has been decreased from surface to depth. The maximum temperature has been in 50 cm depth of earth in August with one month delay.

The determination of Air temperature is important in the energy balance calculation, hydrology and meteorological studies. In this regard, the limited number of meteorological stations is one of the serious problems for Air temperature determination on a large spatial scale. The remote sensing technique by covering large areas and using updated satellite images might be appropriate for estimation of this parameter. In this research, the negative correlation between land surface temperature and vegetation index (NDVI) has been used for Air temperature estimation through TVX method in which the inference of Air temperature is based on the hypothesis that the temperature of the dense vegetation canopy is close to Air temperature. For investigation the performance of TVX method, images of MODIS sensor have been applied for the Sefidrod River basin in the years 1381- 1382-1384. The spilt window technique which was developed by Price has been used for land surface temperature calculation. The mean difference between observed and estimated land surface temperature using Price algorithm was about 6.2Co. This error can affect the Air temperature values. Because of using NDVI index in TVX method, this method has the sensitivity to the vegetation density, though in the parts with sparse vegetation, the value of error increases. 4 percent variation of Air temperature against the 0.05 increasing of maximum NDVI indicates the high performance of TVX method for Air temperature estimation in large areas.

Due to the importance of meteorological data and limitations of data gathering from ground stations, remote sensing can play an important role in the preparation of these data. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the Land Surface temperature (LST) obtained from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor images for estimating the maximum and minimum daily Air temperature in the Taleghan watershed. For this purpose, the maximum and minimum daily Air temperature data of three existing ground stations for the period 2009 to 2015 were obtained. Day and night LST and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values ​​of MODIS were also prepared. The relationships between each of the effective variables and maximum and minimum daily Air temperature in ground stations have been extracted using multiple linear regression method. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between maximum and minimum daily temperature of ground stations with day and night LST and NDVI from MODIS sensor. Therefore, these variables were used in regression relationships. The results of validation showed that the established relationships with all effective variables had the most accuracy. Therefore, the best model for estimating the maximum daily Air temperature had , NSE and RMSE values ​​of 0.74, 0.74, and +4.7, respectively and for estimating the minimum daily Air temperature had 0.71, 0.72 and +2.9, respectively. Therefore, by converting the surface temperature obtained from MODIS sensor images, the Air temperature can be estimated with high accuracy on a daily and monthly scales for various studies.

An 1D hydrodynamic model has been simulation and developed for gas hold-up and liquid circulation velocity prediction in Air-lift reactors. model is based on momentum balance equations and has been adjusted to experimental data collected on a pilot plant reactor equipped with two types of gas distributors and using water as the liquid phase.The model equations described previously constitute a set of non-linear equations which are solved by an iterative procedure (v.b) (c plus). This model has also been combined with mass transfer and the kinetics of a chemical reaction to yield a complete model of the performance of a reactor.

Thermal modeling of an automotive cabin was performed in this paper to predict the inside cabin Air temperature. To implement this task, thermal and ventilation loads were estimated and the mass and energy balance conservation equations for dry Air and water vapor with considering a new panuneter (Air circulation ratio) as well as the balance equations of internal components of a cabin were derived and solved simultaneously. The performance of the proposed thermal modeling of a cabin was compared with the data collected from hot room experimental tests. These tests were run for various design parameters such as evaporating cooling load and cabin size (Air volume inside cabin). The comparison of experimental and numerical results showed a good agreement.Parametric analysis with three parameters namely, vehicle speed, number of passengers, and A/C Air mass flow rate was performed to investigate the effects of these panuneters on cabin Air temperature.

Introduction: A direct relationship exists between Air temperature and seasonal and daily variations of mortality. Stressor effect of temperature decrease and increase has a significant increasing impact on death rate. Quantification of the relationship between daily mortality and Air temperature is useful as a fundamental policy for accuracy enhancement of temperature decrease and increase warning system. The objective of this study was determination of the relationship between temperature and death rate and the temperature Minimum Mortality (TMM) in Tehran during the period 2002-2005.Methods: In a descriptive and analytical study, we statistically analyzed the relationship between temperature and number of total deaths as well as deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular accidents, and respiratory diseases. Studied population was the reference population for mortality in Tehran from which a 4-year sample of daily mortality was drawn for years 2000 to 2005.Results: Relationship between daily death numbers and daily temperature averages was V-shaped during the studied period. TMM for Tehran was calculated as 28.5°C. The more different the temperature was form the TMM, the more was the death rate. There was a strong and significant correlation between Air temperature and mortality rate, especially with average monthly mortality rate. Determination coefficient was 0.76 with a 99% confidence level.Conclusion: The highest number of deaths had occurred in the cold months of the year (December, January, and February). The more decrease in temperature had occurred, the more had increased the mortality. Increase in cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular accidents, and respiratory diseases mortality rates during the cold months further clarifies this relationship. Amongst 22 zones of Tehran’s Municipality, zones 9, 6, and 12 had the highest death rates.

The study of soil temperature at different depths is important for climatology (especially at the micro-scale), agriculture and industry, and affects many soil processes. The method used is descriptive-analytical and its purpose is to determine the linear and non-linear relationships of Air temperature and temperature depth of 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 100 cm during the statistical period of 1386 to 1390 in Jahrom station... Hourly statistics of Air temperature and temperature of different soil depths were obtained from Fars Meteorology and linear and non-linear relationships were extracted for each soil depth using regression method. The results showed that based on the correlation coefficient and determination coefficient, linear regression has better results than non-linear relationships and in linear relationships, the correlation coefficient between Air temperature and soil depth temperature for all seasons is significant at the 99% level. The highest correlation coefficient in all seasons was usually at the depth of the soil surface, especially at a depth of 5 cm at 18:30 and the lowest correlation coefficient in all seasons was at a depth of 1 meter at 6:30. As the depth increases, the correlation coefficient and determination coefficient have a decreasing trend. The highest range of temperature fluctuations in the soil occurred at 6:30 and at depths of 5 to 20 cm, and the increase in soil temperature compared to the increase in Air temperature in spring and autumn is more than in other seasons.

The soil temperature is one of the most important properties. This factor has directly or indirectly affects on herbal growing and in some cases, herbal growing has a great task towards the Air temperature. Soil temperature is varied in different but certain depths of daily and annual exchanges. In this study, we tried to analyze the temperature for different depths and its correlation in the soil rate with a side Air temperature in Ardebil. We received the data records on temperature, etc., from Meteorological organization of Ardebil for the time period of 1372 to 1384. We then calculated correlation of the Air temperature with the soil rate. This was followed by drawing linear estimation graphs. The results show that daily Air temperature variations have a great contribution on the soil until 20 cm and the variations domain decreases with depth increasing. temperature monthly variations in different depths show an adaptive state between soil rate variations and radiated energy variations which is lower in great soil depths. Annual temperature cycle shows time delay and temperature domain decay with depth. Generally, this study shows a meaningful correlation between minimum Air temperature and minimum rate of land. But, temperature variations are not smooth in different depths of the soil.